Ledger lines

Recap: the two clefs

• Treble clef: lines E G B D F, spaces F A C E; the clef curls round G.
• Bass clef: lines G B D F A, spaces A C E G; the dots sit either side of F.
• Middle C: one ledger line below the treble stave, one ledger line above the bass stave.

A sharp raises a note a semitone, a flat lowers it, and a natural cancels them. An accidental lasts until the end of the bar.

Above and below the stave

Short ledger lines carry the stave on upwards or downwards. Keep counting a letter for each line and space. Grade 2 goes up to two ledger lines above and below.

Tip: below the treble stave, the first ledger line is middle C and the second is A. Above it, the first is A and the second is C. In the bass clef, below: E then C; above: middle C then E.