Unit 5, Lesson 1 of 1

Tonic triads, major and minor

About 2 min to read, then 5 practice questions

Recap: the tonic triad

A triad is three notes stacked in 3rds. The tonic triad uses the 1st, 3rd and 5th degrees of the scale, with the tonic at the bottom: three lines in a row, or three spaces in a row.

The tonic triad of B flat major: B flat, D and F

Major and minor

The middle note decides whether a tonic triad sounds major or minor:

  • in a major key it is 4 semitones above the tonic (a major 3rd);
  • in a minor key it is 3 semitones above (a minor 3rd).
A major (A, C sharp, E) and A minor (A, C, E): only the middle note changes
KeyTonic triadKeyTonic triad
C majorC E GA minorA C E
G majorG B DE minorE G B
D majorD F sharp AD minorD F A
F majorF A CA majorA C sharp E
B flat majorB flat D FE flat majorE flat G B flat

Tip: the raised 7th of a minor key is never part of its tonic triad, so the tonic triad of a minor key uses only the key signature's notes.

Practise this: 5 questions, about 4 min

Answering from memory soon after reading is what makes it stick, so now is a good time.

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