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GCSE Chemistry Flashcards: 45 key terms, for Brainlag Flashcards and Anki

Atoms, separating mixtures, bonding, reactivity, energy changes, crude oil and practical skills: the words and what they mean.

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卡片
45
适合谁
GCSE students (Years 10 and 11)
适用于
Brainlag Flashcards、Anki、任何电子表格
语言
English
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3 KB (Anki)

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查看卡片（45）
Element
Has only one type of atom
Compound
Has two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
Mixture
Has two or more substances not chemically joined
Filtration
An insoluble solid from a liquid (sand from water).
Crystallisation
A soluble solid from its solution: heat to evaporate some water, cool, filter off the crystals, dry them.
Simple distillation
A liquid from a solution (pure water from sea water).
Fractional distillation
Liquids with different boiling points. The one with the lowest boiling point reaches the top of the column first.
Paper chromatography
The soluble substances in a mixture, such as the dyes in an ink.
显示全部 45 个
Atomic number
The number of protons.
Mass number
Protons + neutrons.
Isotopes
Are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Ions
Have gained or lost electrons
Period
The number of occupied electron shells.
Group
The number of electrons in the outer shell.
Group 0
(noble gases) have full outer shells, so they are unreactive.
Group 1
(alkali metals) have one outer electron, which they lose to form 1+ ions.
Giant ionic lattice
Huge numbers of positive and negative ions sit in a regular three-dimensional pattern
Covalent bond
They share a pair of electrons: one from each atom.
Pure substance
A single element or a single compound with nothing else mixed in.
Formulation
A mixture designed as a useful product.
Reactivity series
Listing metals from most to least reactive
Oxidation
Gain of oxygen.
Reduction
Loss of oxygen.
Redox
A reaction in which one substance is oxidised and another is reduced
Spectator ions
An ionic equation leaves them out and shows only the particles that change.
Test for hydrogen
Hold a lit splint at the mouth of the tube: a squeaky pop.
Resolution
The smallest change an instrument shows.
Random errors
Scatter readings; repeats and means reduce them.
Systematic errors
Shift every reading the same way, such as a balance that is not zeroed (a zero error).
Precise
Repeats close together.
Accurate
Close to the true value.
Repeatable
Same person, same method agrees.
Reproducible
Others get the same.
Exothermic
Energy is transferred to the surroundings, so the temperature of the surroundings rises.
Endothermic
Energy is taken in from the surroundings, so the temperature falls.
Hydrocarbons
Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon atoms only.
Homologous series
A family with the same general formula, where each member has one more CH2 than the last, and all react in similar ways.
Saturated
Every carbon to carbon bond is a single bond.
Complete combustion
Oxidises the carbon to carbon dioxide and the hydrogen to water
Incomplete combustion
Also makes carbon monoxide (a toxic gas you cannot see or smell) and carbon (soot).
Cracking
Breaks long alkanes into shorter, more useful alkanes and alkenes.
Law of conservation of mass
The total mass of the products equals the total mass of the reactants.
Carbon footprint
The total greenhouse gas emitted over the life cycle of a product, service or event.
Greenhouse gases
(carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour) absorb infrared and re-emit it in all directions
Tangent
A straight line that touches the curve at that point without cutting it.